明清时期丝绸之路上农作物传播及对中国的影响

A Research on the Impact of the Introduction of Crops on the Silk Road in the Ming and Qing Dynasties on the Communication between China and the World and the Development of Chinese Agriculture

丝绸之路是古代中国沟通世界的重要桥梁,也是中国与世界各地农作物传播的主要渠道。在中国学术界的农史研究中,对古代域外作物向中国的传播有"三次引种高潮"的提法,其中明清时期是外来作物传入中国的第三次高潮期,尤以美洲作物的传入最为普遍,并在中国广泛传播。与此同时,明清时期也是中国本土作物传向世界尤其是传入欧美地区的关键时期。因而农作物的传播也成为明清时期中国与世界往来的重要媒介,极大地促进了中西方之间的交流,通过农作物的传播也为重新审视这一时期中国与世界之间的往来提供了新的视角。此外,美洲作物的传入及广泛传播引种也对明清时期中国农业文明发展产生了重要影响。

The Silk Road served as an important bridge between ancient Chi-na and the world,as well as the main channel for the spread of crops between Chi-na and the rest of the world.There was,in the study of Chinese agricultural histo-ry,the theory of"three climaxes of introduction of foreign crops in China",in which the third climax of the spread of foreign crops to China occurred in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Of all the foreign crops,those introduced from the Americas were the most common and widely spread.The Ming and Qing dynasties were also a critical period when Chinese native crops spread to the world,especially to the Americas.Therefore,the transmission of crops had also become an important me-dium between China and the world during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,which greatly promoted the exchanges between China and the West.The spread through crops also provided a new perspective for reexamining the exchanges between Chi-na and the world during this period.In addition,the introduction of American crops also had an important impact on the development of Chinese agricultural civ-ilization during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.