关于19世纪美洲种植园中非洲女奴研究的几个基本问题

Some Basic Questions on Study of African Female Slaves in 19th Century American Economic Plantations

在近代奴隶贸易中,贩卖非洲女性奴隶往往与女性本身的要素有关。从社会性别史的角度观察,非洲女性奴隶的性别角色、身份象征、工作内容、市场价格、受迫害形式等方面都与非洲男性奴隶相异。也正是因为此种特殊的身份,她们才被迫卷入近代奴隶贸易中。具体而言,她们不但被"运输"到美洲经济种植园内从事家内和家外经济生产的工作;且在她们承担各项经济劳动的过程中,还经常遭受到奴隶主的暴力、虐待甚至是性侵害。以往常规性对近代奴隶贸易的研究却忽视了她们存在的实际价值。事实上,对奴隶贸易时期非洲女性奴隶的深入研究有助于重构奴隶贸易体系的"第二性维度";同时,这也加大拓宽了近代奴隶贸易的研究视野和历史范畴。

In modern slave trade,trafficking African female slaves was often associated with elements of women themselves.From the perspective of social history,gender roles,status symbols,work contents,market prices and forms of persecution of African female slaves are different from those of African male slaves.It is because of the special identity that a large part of African female slaves were forced into the modern slave trade,they who engaged in production of domestic labor and home economic work were not only transported to American economic plantations;but also,African female slaves were often subjected to violence,abuse and even sexual abuse by slave owners during the process of undertaking labor.Previous studies of the modern slave trade always ignored the real value of their existence.In fact,in-depth study of African female slaves during the slave trade greatly helped to reconstruct the second dimension of the slave trade system.At the same time,it enlarges the research field and historical category of modern slave trade.