民族国家史与全球史:以日本的历史学为例的思考

National vs Global History in View:History and Historiography in Japan as a Case Study

现代史学随着现代民族国家的发展而形成,因此现代性和民族性是其产生的背景。史学既重视西方建构的现代性价值,同时又重视各个国家的民族性价值。全球化的发展给史学带来了新取径。"全球史"(在日本)开始取代"世界史",在世界范围内受到广泛关注并影响日益扩大。本文基于日本历史学的状况,简要回顾了全球史的背景和基本特征,对其中"全球的"历史(换句话说即历史学的"全球化")的观念在承认其积极一面之时,也提出了质疑与批评。为此,笔者提出"全球史"这一术语具有多种含义,并从全球史的优点和不足两方面讨论了其发展的可能性与存在的问题。

Modern historiography has been formed with the development of modern nation-states.Therefore,modernity and nationality were its background.Historiography there made much of the values of modernity constructed by the West,but at the same time,those of nationality of each country.However,the development of globalization has brought a new approach into historiography."Global"history,which begins to be used in place of"world"history,is attracting a great deal of attention and extending its influence around the world now.Many books focusing on it have been published these years.In this article,I will succinctly trace the background and basic aspects of global history.My viewpoint on"global"history,in other words,"globalization"of history,is rather critical,though I admit its positive aspect on the other hand.To explain it,I will discuss its strength and weakness specifically and make it clear that we should stop and consider before accepting"global"history to be a step to more"scientific"history.