培育共同经验——“继承者一代”问题与美欧大西洋结盟体系

Fostering Shared Experiences:the “Successor Generation” Problem and the US-European Atlantic Alliance System

1970年代和1980年代所谓欧洲"继承者一代"问题的出现,对美国决策者提出了严峻的挑战。新一代欧洲精英出生于二战结束后,对冷战激烈对抗和美国援助欧洲的历史印象不深,但对越南战争和水门事件却知之甚详;他们厌倦了冷战对抗和僵化的冷战体制,将部分注意力转向社会问题与世界和平。"继承者一代"对美国的欧洲防御战略提出强烈质疑,长期来看,还将威胁到大西洋结盟体系的稳定和存续。为了重塑"大西洋共同体",卡特政府和里根政府采取了增强美欧教育和文化交流的策略,里根政府更是将"民主倡议"整合进对欧洲青年领袖的交流项目中,试图为美欧共同价值观和共同愿景增加新的素材。里根总统本人力推的"国际青年交流倡议",将目标对准了西方七国"易感阶段"的青少年,意图为"大西洋共同体"的长期存在铸造根基。

The emergence of the so-called European"successor generation"problem in the 1970 s and 1980 s posed a serious challenge to American policymakers.A new generation of European elites,born after the end of the second World War,has little history of the Cold War rivalries and American aid to Europe,but knows much about the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal.Tired of the Cold War confrontations and rigid Cold War regimes,they have turned some of their attention to social issues and world peace.The"successor generation"strongly questioned the United States’defence strategy in Europe,and in the long term,would threaten the stability and viability of the transatlantic alliance.In order to reshape the"Atlantic community",both the Carter administration and the Reagan administration adopted the strategy of enhancing the educational and cultural exchanges between the United States and Europe.And the Reagan administration integrated the"Democracy Initiative"into the exchange program for emerging young European leaders,in an attempt to add new elements for the common values and shared aspirations of the United States and Europe.The International Youth Exchange Initiative,championed by President Reagan himself,aimed at teenagers in the"impressionable age"of the seven Western countries,with the intention of laying the foundations for the long-term existence of the"Atlantic Community".