中国北方农牧交错带东段耕地变化数据集(辽、金、元、明时期)

Reconstruction Dataset of Cropland Change in Eastern Part of Northern China’s Farming–Pastoral Zone(Liao,Jin,Yuan,and Ming Dynasities)

历史耕地覆盖重建研究不仅可以为全球变化和生态环境效应模拟提供基础数据,而且有助于深刻理解区域人地关系。过去千年间,中国北方农牧交错带的土地利用方式在时间上经历了时农时牧的变化过程,在空间上呈现出半农半牧的特征。因此,准确重建类似区域的耕地覆盖变化是当前本领域关注的热点与难点问题。本研究选择地处中国北方农牧交错带带宽最大的东段作为研究区,使用历史文献以及聚落与耕地面积之间的关系估算了辽、金、元、明时期的耕地面积总量,采用基于聚落考古信息构建耕地格网化重建方法重建了对应时期的5′×5′耕地覆盖数据集。该数据集客观、准确地刻画了辽代至明代研究区土地利用从半农半牧到牧业的根本性转变过程。本数据集包括1组表格数据和2组空间数据。表格数据包括研究区辽、金、元、明时期的耕地面积总量和聚落数量,以.xlsx格式储存。空间数据包括:(1)中国北方农牧交错带东段边界数据,以.shp格式储存;(2)辽、金、元、明共4期的5′×5′耕地覆盖数据,以.shp格式储存。数据集一共由36个数据文件组成,数据量为2.26 MB(压缩为1个文件,242 KB)。

Reconstruction of cropland cover not only provides basic data for simulating global changes and their effects on ecological environments but it also advances understanding of regional human-environment relationships.Over the last millennium,land use in northern China’s farming–pastoral zone alternated between agriculture and pastoralism,and the land use pattern showed the characteristics of half farming and half animal husbandry.Accurate reconstruction of changes in cropland cover changes in similar areas is therefore challenging.The eastern part of northern China’s farming–pastoral zone was selected for this study.Historical literature and the relationship between the settlement and cropland were used to estimate cropland area during the Liao,Jin,Yuan,and Ming dynasties.Subsequently,a cropland gridded allocation method based on settlement relics was used to reconstruct a dataset of 5′×5′cropland cover.The study produced two key outputs comprising 36 data records(occupying 2.26 MB),which were compressed into a single file(242 KB).The first was a tabular dataset on cropland area and number of settlement during the four dynasties.The second comprised two spatial datasets generated with ArcGIS:(1)boundary data of the eastern part of northern China’s farming–pastoral zone,archiving in.shp data format;(2)cropland cover data at a 5′×5′spatial resolution for four time points during these dynasties,archiving in.shp data format.Together,these datasets objectively depict the fundamental transformation in land use between the Liao and Ming dynasties,which shifted from half farming and half animal husbandry to predominantly animal husbandry in the study area.