中国全球变化国家基础研究计划(2011-2020)

Global Change Research Program of P.R.China(2011-2020)

从2011年开始,中国的全球变化研究从之前的各部委各自立项,逐步过渡到国家统一协调部署。本文分"十二五"和"十三五"介绍了2011年以来中国实施全球变化国家基础研究计划的主要进展。"十二五"(2011-2015年)期间,中国全球变化研究在"全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划"中,批准实施了62个项目,总经费人民币15.26亿元。"十二五"期间的主要成果包括:(1)在以下5个方面的研究取得一系列创新性成果:全球变化的事实、过程和机理;人类活动对全球变化的影响;全球变化的影响及适应;综合观测和数据集成;地球系统模式等;(2)国际学术影响力显著提高;(3)有力服务于国家重大需求;(4)基础研究能力明显提高。"十三五"(2016-2020年)期间,中国全球变化国家基础研究计划更名为国家重点研发计划"全球变化与应对"重点专项,并根据国家需求和国际进展,将研究任务调整为5个方向:(1)全球变化综合观测、数据同化与大数据平台建设及应用;(2)全球变化事实、关键过程和动力学机制;(3)地球系统模式研发、预测和预估;(4)全球变化影响与风险评估;(5)减缓和适应全球变化与可持续转型研究。其中2016年已批准实施29个项目,资助经费人民币5.7亿元。

The Global Change Research Program of P.R.China(2011-2020)(China-GCRP)has been implemented since 2011.This paper describes the progress of China-GCRP in the 12 th and 13 th Five-Year Plans(2011-2015,2016-2020)of China under the"National Major Research Program on Global Change".During the 12 th Five-Year Plan,China-GCRP implemented 62 projects with a total budget of RMB 1.526 billion.Major achievements in 2010-2015 include:(1)a remarkable increase in understanding on global change,including facts,processes and mechanisms,the anthropogenic driving forces,the impacts and adaptation;(2)the enhancement of integrated Earth observation and data collection,and the development of a series of Earth system models;(3)more contributions to international global change research activities;(4)effective service to meet the national need of climate change affairs and socio-economic development;and(5)improvement in basic research capacity on global change.In the 13 th Five-Year Plan of 2016-2020,China-GCRP has been renamed as"Global Change and Response"and research tasks have been rearranged into five issues:(1)integrated observation,data assimilation,establishment and application of big data platforms of global change studies;(2)facts,key processes and dynamic mechanisms of global change;(3)development of Earth system models,and prediction and projection using these models;(4)assessment of impacts and risks of global change;(5)mitigation,adaptation of global change and sustainable transition.A budget of RMB 0.57 billion was allocated for the 29 projects for fiscal years 2016.It is expected to fund 25 priorities with about RMB 0.52 billion in 2017.