Caprini评估对重症颅脑损伤术后昏迷患者DVT风险的影响

The impact of Caprini assessment on the risk of DVT in patients with coma after severe craniocerebral injury

目的探讨Caprini评估对重症颅脑损伤术后昏迷患者下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)风险的影响。方法选择2017年2月—2020年5月本院重症颅脑损伤术后昏迷患者102例作为研究对象,根据入院建档顺序不同分为观察组和对照组两组,每组各51例。对照组接受常规护理,观察组于此基础上接受Caprini评估干预。观察两组干预前后下肢静脉血流动力学(平均血流量、平均血流速度)变化、DVT风险等级、并发症(肺栓塞、DVT、下肢肿胀)发生率、家属护理满意度。结果干预后观察组平均血流量及平均血流速度高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后观察组DVT风险等级低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组肺栓塞、DVT、下肢肿胀发生率(0.00%、0.00%、1.96%)低于对照组(1.96%、13.73%、23.53%)(P<0.05);观察组专业技能、人文关怀、工作效率、职业操守等家属护理满意度评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论Caprini评估可改善重症颅脑损伤术后昏迷患者血流动力学,降低DVT风险,减少并发症,且家属护理满意度高。

Objective To investigate the effect of Caprini’s assessment on the risk of deep vein thrombosis(DVT)of lower extremities in patients with coma after severe head injury.Methods From February 2017 to May 2020,102 patients fall into coma after severe craniocerebral injury in our hospital were selected as the research objects.According to the order of admission and filing,they were divided into observation group and control group,with 51 cases in each group.The control group received routine nursing care,and the observation group received Caprini assessment intervention on this basis.The changes in hemodynamics(mean blood flow,mean blood flow velocity)of the veins of the lower extremities before and after intervention,the levels of DVT risk,the incidence of complications(pulmonary embolism,DVT,lower extremity swelling),and the degree of satisfaction of family care in the two groups were observed.Results After the intervention,the mean blood flow and mean blood flow velocity of the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The risk level of DVT in the observation group was lower than that in the control group after intervention(P<0.05).The incidence of pulmonary embolism,DVT,and lower extremity swelling in the observation group(0.00%,0.00%,1.96%)was lower than that in the control group(1.96%,13.73%,23.53%)(P<0.05).The nursing satisfaction scores of family members in the observation group,such as professional skills,humanistic care,work efficiency,and professional ethics were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions Caprini assessment could improve the hemodynamics of coma patients after severe craniocerebral injury,reduce the risk of DVT,reduce complications,and family members have a high degree of satisfaction with care.