人机何以交互:理论溯源、范式演变与前景趋势

Human-Computer Interaction:Tracing Theoretical Origins,Paradigm Shifts,and Future Trends

纵观70年来人机交互理论脉络,从人类工程学、行动情感耦合到机器主体性争议,技术、社会、传播三重属性杂糅并重。从理论演进来看,人机交互的研究范式经历了附属性工具、等同性主体、对立性异端、竞争性依存四大阶段。交互本体由以人为中心转向探讨机器主体性;交互价值从工具性与经济效益扩展到情感性与社会嵌入;交互路径从程序语言与图形界面向自然语言与多模感官发展。展望未来,人机交互理论在技术层面将持续探索模态泛化、认知升维、人机互嵌,社会层面将更加关注虚实融生、AI责任、技术霸权,传播层面将深化研究权力重构、信任重塑、情感补偿。

Throughout the past 70years,the theoretical lineage of human-computer interaction has ranged from human engineering and action-emotion coupling to machine subjectivity controversy,reflecting its triple nature of technology,society,and communication.The research paradigm of HCI has gone through four stages:appendage tool,equivalent subject,antagonistic heresy,and competitive dependence.The interaction ontology has shifted from human-centered to exploring machine subjectivity;the interaction value has expanded from tools and economic benefits to emotional values and social embedding;the interaction path has developed from program language and graphical interfaces to natural language and multimodal senses.In the future,the technical aspect of HCI theory will deepen the exploration of modal generalization,cognitive ascension,and human-machine interembedding;the industrial aspect will pay more attention to the discussion of the integration of reality and reality,AI responsibility,and technological hegemony;and the communication aspect will focus on the trends of power reconstruction,trust reshaping,and emotional compensation.