从对策研究、抗争研究转向“国家—社会互动”研究——探寻一种网络公共事件研究的整合性分析框架

From the Study of Policy and Resistance to “State-Society Interaction”:Exploring an Integrated Analytical Framwork for the Study of Online Public Events

国内网络公共事件研究主要存在两种学术立场和价值取向:一种受自上而下的“维稳”或危机管理思维影响,聚焦于事件的防控和应对;一种采取自下而上的“抗争”立场,关注事件的民主政治意义。两者分别采取国家中心和社会中心的立场,强调国家—社会的二元对立,忽视中国国家—社会关系的复杂性及其在事件发生发展中的决定意义,导致对策研究治标不治本,抗争研究则高估网络抗争的意义。网络公共事件的产生,根源在于当代中国国家—社会权力失衡、关系断裂。由于中外国家—社会关系的差异,西方有关理论不能有效解释中国的网络公共事件。推进网络公共事件研究,需具体分析当代中国国家(政府)、社会(公众)、市场、传媒等多元主体之间既协作又对抗的复杂动态关系,从单向度的对策研究、抗争研究转向“国家—社会互动”的整合化研究。

To date,there are two different views of domestic public events:the top-down approach and bottom-up approaches to emergency response,in which the former focuses on their threat to society’s long-term stability whereas the latter addresses their contributions to democracy.This is to say,the top-down approach is state-oriented,whereas the bottom-up approach entails society-oriented.Despite their generalizability,the two approaches are not suitable for the analysis of online public events in China due to their neglect of China’s complex state-society relationship and overemphasis on the dichotomy between states and society.An underlying reason why online public events arise is the imbalance between the Chinese government and society in terms of public power.Given China’s unique state-society relationship,the conventional framework of state-society interaction can hardly explain the emergence of Chinese online public events.Therefore,to get a better understanding of current online public events,it is necessary for researchers to analyze the dynamic relationship among variables(e.g.,government,society,market,and media),which can be either cooperative or competitive.In this case,researchers need to conduct an integrative analysis of state-society interaction rather than resistance.