新闻公共性反思:概念源流、理论取用与问题思辨

Journalism Publicness:Concept Origins,Theory Application and Problem Reflection

本文梳理并评析了公共性问题的西方源流与论争,分析了资产阶级公共性本身所具有的遮蔽性、排他性和等级性。文章从“扒粪运动”、社会责任论出台、公共新闻运动、参与式新闻和建设性新闻等具体公共实践出发来探讨西方新闻公共性的历史脉络、理论建构与价值指向,进而关注到公共性理论引入中国时“由实入虚”的过程,即从实践指向、思想谱系转向哲学思辨,以及学界在新闻公共性理论的学术研究、价值认同和实践路径方面所具有的差异性路径。研究认为,公共性理论中的国家与社会并非西方意义上决然二元对立的关系,“国家与社会同构关系”能够突破“国家和社会不断分离的模式”所形成的理论和实践障碍,有利于理解中国共产党领导下新闻事业的“党性与人民性统一”,以及理想的中国新闻业所具有的天然“公共性”。

This paper reviews the concept origins and debates on the issue of publicness,and analyzes the obscurity,exclusivity,and hierarchy of the bourgeois publicness.The paper discusses the historical evolution,theoretical construction,and value orientation of publicness in western journalism from the perspective of specific public practices such as the Muckraking Movement,Social Responsibility Theory,Public Journalism Movement,Participatory Journalism,and Constructive Journalism.Furthermore,it focuses on the process of“moving from concrete to abstract”when the theory of publicness was introduced into China—from practical orientation and genealogy of ideas to philosophical reflection.It also focuses on various approaches of academia in terms of academic research,value identification and practical path of the theory of journalism publicness.The study concludes that the relationship between state and society in the theory of publicness is not an absolute dichotomy in the western sense.The“isomorphic relationship between state and society”can break through the theoretical and practical barriers formed by the“continuous mode of separation between state and society”,and is conducive to understanding the“unification of the Party’s spirit and the people character”of journalism under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party,as well as the natural publicness of desirable Chinese journalism.