文本、读者、语境:当代西方电影接受史观的博弈——基于珍妮特·施泰格电影接受研究的探讨

The Debate on Text,Reader and Context in the History of Contemporary Western Film Reception——Based on Janet Steiger’s Relevant Study

当代的电影接受史研究可以分为文本激发、读者激发、语境激发三种类型。通过对珍妮特·施泰格相关代表著作的耙梳辨析,可以呈现出当代新电影史观念影响下的电影接受史研究,是如何从文本、读者转向更强调语境因素的。施泰格的研究以“历史唯物论”为理论基底,在对汤姆·甘宁、米莲姆·汉森、蒂莫西·科里根等人所支持的二元对立电影历史观,以及认知理论所建构的观众“标准”反应的批判性扬弃中,提出了结合历史观念、认知方法论与电影美学的语境因素主导的电影接受史观念。

Contemporary film reception history research can be divided into three types:text-activated,reader-activated and context-activated.Through the analysis of the relevant representative works of Janet Steiger,we can see how the film reception history research under the influence of the contemporary new concept of film history has shifted from text,readers to more emphasis on contextual factors.Janet Staiger’s research is base on historical materialism.In the critical succession of Tom Gunning,Miriam Hansen,Timothy Corrigan and other binary antagonistic views of film history,as well as the audience’s“standard”response constructed by cognitivism,she puts forward the concept of film reception history which is dominated by the historical concept,cognitive methodology and the context factor of film aesthetics.