殖民心态,民族狂热与自我省思——1900年德国媒体中的义和团镜像

Colonial Discourse,National Fanaticism and Self-reflection:The Mirror Image of Boxer Movement inthe German Media in 1900

由于语言、资料、环境等限制,当前史学研究对义和团运动在西方小语种国家媒体中的镜像呈现关注较少。本文根据德国报刊的一手资料,分析了义和团运动与八国联军侵华战争在德国媒体中的定性、归因、叙述与评价,透视了克林德遇刺事件前后德国媒体对华态度由殖民主义进入民族主义话语的转变。在战争后期,部分德国媒体开始反思武装镇压义和团运动的正当性,借"匈奴来信"辛辣讽刺德皇的对华政策,形成了与官方宣传相对立的"反舆论场",显示出1900年德国媒介生态与种族主义意识形态的破碎性与不稳定性。

Due to linguistic boundaries,the mirrored image of the Boxer Movement in western non-English media is not thoroughly examined in Chinese writings.Drawing on first-hand materials,this paper critically attends to the discursive packages and narratives in three German commercial newspapers’representation of the Boxer’s rebellion,as well as its quelling by Western armed force in 1900.This paper finds dramatical discursive shifts in German media’s attitudes towards China in different stages of the conflicts,marked by the supplanting of colonialist discourse by fanatic nationalism after the Klemens Incidence,which is then partially transformed into a discourse of human interests and self-reflection in the latter phase of the rebellion.Moreover,the“Hun Speech”published in Volkszeitung provides vivid depictions of the brutal acts committed by German soldiers in Chinese battlefield against Boxers,which provide a“counter-public”that is different from official propaganda.This finding reveals the fragment and fluid feature of the media ecology in 1900Germany.