电动汽车参与电力需求响应的成本效益分析——以上海市为例

Economic Assessment of Demand Response Delivered by Electric Vehicles in Shanghai

随着电动汽车数量的不断增加,电动汽车参与电力需求响应的重要性也日益显现。相比其他需求侧灵活性资源,电动汽车有望提供灵活度更高且成本更低的需求响应,但现有研究主要集中在聚合方式、优化策略等理论层面,结合具体案例分析实际效果和经济性水平的研究相对有限。因此,结合上海市试点实际情况,围绕住宅私人充电桩、办公地点专用充电桩、换电站等3类充换电场所,对比分析了当前电动汽车参与削峰、填谷两类需求响应的运行效果和经济性差异。案例显示电动汽车在专用充电桩的响应率较高,其提供响应的规模潜力也较大,而换电站参与需求响应的效果因换电强度的变化存在较高不确定性。研究还发现当前电动汽车参与需求响应存在一定政策障碍,未来引导大规模电动汽车参与电网互动仍需市场规则与机制创新。

With the high adoption of electric vehicles(EVs),their participation in the demand response is increasingly important.Although EVs are likely to provide cost-efficient flexibility to the power system,the current research on EV demand response mainly focuses on strategies for EV aggregation and charging optimization.In contrast,the studies on the technical and economic performance of EV demand response based on actual case studies have been limited.Therefore,a comparison study was conducted of EV demand response in three charging locations:residential private charging,dedicated work place charging,and battery swap stations.This showed that EVs have a relatively high response rate when participating in the demand response via dedicated work place charging,while the application potential and economy of the EV demand response delivered by battery swap stations were highly uncertain as a result of the variation in battery swap activities.It was also observed that EVs still face policy barriers to participating in demand response programs,and market mechanism innovations are required to address such challenges.