电热综合能源系统中热力管网动态建模及协调运行研究综述

Review of District Energy Network Dynamic Modeling and Coordinate Optimal Operation in Integrated Electricity and Heat Energy Systems

电热综合能源系统中的热力管网由于较强的热惯性而具备被动储热能力,可以提高电力系统的调节能力,为大规模可再生能源并网消纳提供空间。利用热力管网储能的方法可在不增加额外设备与投资的前提下,仅通过电力、热力系统的协调优化,达到平抑可再生能源波动性与间歇性、提高可再生能源使用率的目标。该方法已成为目前较具潜力的灵活性提升手段之一,逐渐受到国内外广泛关注。热力系统本身具有多变量、非线性、时延性等特点,且热力管网运行调节独立于电力系统调度之外,导致在刻画评估热力管网所具备的调节能力时,面临电热系统动态建模难以兼容、异质能源系统运行机制难以协调等瓶颈。研究围绕热力管网动态特性建模及电热协调优化等方面,对利用热力管网热惯性提升电热综合能源系统调节能力的研究方法展开回顾:比较分析了节点法、元素法、集总参数法、等效热电路法及能路法等动态建模方法的优劣,剖析了电力系统与热力管网协调运行研究中的关键要素,并针对进一步研究方向提出了几点建议。

A district energy network with integrated electricity and heat energy systems has a passive heat storage capacity because of its strong thermal inertia.This naturally improves the regulating ability of the electric power system and provides space for the grid-connected consumption of large-scale renewable energy.Under the premise of no additional equipment,the method can achieve the purpose of smoothing the intermittence of renewable energy only through the optimal combined dispatch of heat and power.Therefore,this method has become one of the means with the greatest potential for enhancing power system flexibility and has gradually been given much attention both at home and abroad.However,because of the characteristics of district energy systems,including multi-variable,non-linear,and time delay characteristics,the research has faced several bottlenecks such as incompatibility between power systems and district energy system modeling.There has also been a lack of coordination between the different kinds of energy systems when describing and evaluating the improvements in the regulating ability of district energy networks.This study reviewed the latest research on utilizing the thermal inertia of district energy networks to improve the regulating ability of integrated energy systems based on three aspects.First,heat transportation dynamic modeling of district energy networks was necessary.Second,the modeling of closely related units was a key factor.Third,a combined heat and power dispatch method was eventually established based on the above two factors.In addition,this study compared the advantages and disadvantages of the lumped parameter method,node method,element method,equivalent thermal–electricity analogue circuit method,and other dynamic modeling methods.The key factors affecting the performance of an integrated electricity and heat energy system are summarized,and several suggestions are given for further research.