电力市场的目标、结构及中国电力市场建设的关键问题讨论

Discussion on the Target and Structure of Electricity Market and the Key Issues in the Construction of China’s Electricity Market

中国电力改革与市场化建设逐步进入深水区,面临着多方面目标难以协调、不同阶段的改革目标不一致、电力市场设计缺乏整体性与系统性等问题。首先提出和分析了电力市场的终极目标和路径目标,将社会福利分配结构纳入市场结构中形成广义的市场结构概念,然后结合中国国情讨论了如何通过市场设计让市场和政府协调发挥作用,最后对中国当前电力市场建设中的中长期与现货市场衔接、省内与省间市场衔接、计划与市场衔接等关键问题进行了分析,并给出了建议的解决思路。从经济学角度分析、讨论中国电力市场改革面临的一些关键问题,旨在寻求长期的、根本性的解决机制,为各地区电力市场设计提供参考。

With China’s electricity market reform gradually entering the deep water area,electricity market design faces many challenges,such as the difficulty in coordinating various objectives,inconsistent reform objectives at different reform stages,lack of integrity and systematisms in designing the market rules.Firstly,this paper makes a systematic analysis of the objectives of the electricity market reform,proposing the concept of ultimate goals and path goals.Then,by taking the social welfare distribution structure into consideration,a generalized concept of market structure is proposed.After that,considering China’s national conditions,this paper discusses how to make the market and the government play a coordinated role through market design.Finally,analysis is presented and solutions are suggested to the issues of couplings between long-term and spot markets,between provincial and inter-provincial markets,and between planned and market mechanisms,which are currently faced by power market construction in China.This paper discusses some key problems in electricity market design from the perspective of economics,so as to help the market designers better understand various problems and find long-term and fundamental solutions to the key issues of electricity market reform.