配电系统运营商在配网电力市场发展进程中的角色与功能演化初探

Roles and Functions of Distribution System Operators in Local Electricity Market Development

分布式能源的增多进一步推进了电力系统配电侧的演化,而在系统权力逐渐下放的整体趋势下,配电市场的自主化程度也在逐步提升。然而,现有配电侧只能在大规模电网投资的前提下消纳、应用大量分布式能源。因此,需要引入分布式能源市场实现大规模分布式能源的并网,最大化分布式能源的价值。新兴配电侧市场的发展需要更多的配电系统管理以及进一步探究配电系统运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)的功能。现有DSO研究虽较完善地探究了未来DSO功能以及相关的系统管理角色,但大多基于DSO一次性实现其全部功能的前提,未将DSO发展看作一个动态过程,且未对DSO与其他层面管理机构的相互协作做充分研究。基于上述背景,针对配电系统演化进程的三个典型阶段,提出配电层电力市场的演化进程;归纳了未来配电网需要DSO承担的4项管理角色;分析DSO在配电市场自主化进程的不同阶段需扮演的角色及其具体管理任务,同时探究DSO与其他系统管理机构之间的责任划分与合作执行方式。以英国未来配电市场及其运营模式的探究为例,为其他国家与地区的分布式能源市场发展与相应市场监管体系建立提供借鉴。

The increasing application of distributed energy resources(DERs) alongside digitalization and decentralization drives the development of electricity distribution system. Decentralization is essentially devolving responsibilities from transmission to distribution systems on account of the optimal use of DERs. However, the current distribution system cannot integrate DERs without major network modifications or investment, posing a major threat to their growth at a local level. Introducing energy markets and network services at the distribution level will not only support cost-effective integration of DERs, but will also critically deliver value to DERs to accelerate their growth. These emerging markets require a more active management of distribution systems, which leads to the necessity of exploring the roles and functions of the distribution system operator(DSO). During this process, the current approach focuses on comprehensive DSO functions and activities in a future situation in which there is high penetration of DERs. Therefore, it fails to consider the development of DSOs a dynamic progress and to provide sufficient attention on the coordination of DSOs with other system-oriented activities. In this article, we proposes the future structures of markets in the distribution system by synchronizing the transition of distribution system evolution;categorizes four roles of the DSO based on functions and illustrates variations in its activities;analyses the evolution of the responsibilities to be taken by DSOs under diverse future market structures, and their coordination with other system-oriented activities. Taking the UK distribution market as a reference, the exploration of market operations and regulations covered in this paper provide relevant experiences for other countries.