培养组学在健康和疾病中的研究进展

Progression of culturomics in health and disease

菌群在维持人类健康和疾病发生发展中发挥重要作用。培养组学是一种采用多种培养条件,利用基质辅助激光解吸-飞行时间(MALDO-TOF)质谱和16S rRNA测序鉴定菌种、菌属的培养方法,为人体菌群研究带来新机遇。然而,目前培养组学运用于健康和疾病的研究仍然较少,以横断面、小样本量研究为主,尚处于初步发展阶段。现有培养组学与健康和疾病的研究采用生物标本类型多样化,但以粪便标本为主,其研究结果可从菌群角度为早诊早治、临床治疗、疾病预后、康复保健、卫生护理等方面提供依据。而为进一步推动培养组学研究,需针对不同部位标本开展预培养时长、取样方案等方法优化研究,有效增加分离培养的菌种数目,同时在尽可能保证菌种鉴定的基础上降低工作量。此外,在不断优化、规范化、标准化培养组学研究方案的同时,需注重与高通量测序技术的有效结合,注重与多组学技术的有效结合。

The microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health and the progression of the disease.Culturomics is a culture method that identifies species and genera using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight(MALDI-TOF)mass spectrometry and 16 S rRNA sequencing under a variety of culture conditions,which brings new opportunities for the exploration of microbiota.However,researches that applied the culturomics to health and disease was still in the initial development stage,mainly focused on cross-sectional studies with a small sample size.There were a variety of biological specimens in existing studies,but mainly fecal specimens.These studies provided scientific evidence for early diagnosis and early treatment,clinical treatment,disease prognosis,rehabilitation health and health care from the perspective of microbiota.In order to further promote the study of culturomics,it was necessary to optimize the methods such as pre-culture period and sampling scheme,so as to effectively increase the number of isolation and reduce the workload on the basis of high-quality and high-accuracy of microbial identification as much as possible.In the future,it is necessary to optimize,normalize and standardize the culturomics,and pay more attention to the combination with high-throughput sequencing and the multi-omics technology.