2016—2019年南阳市冠心病患者发展趋势及心血管危险因素自我管理现状调查

The Development Trend of Coronary Heart Disease Patients and the Status Quo of Self-management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Nanyang City from 2016 to 2019

目的了解南阳市冠心病患者发展趋势、对心血管危险因素自我管理需求、知晓情况和获取途径,为患者管理干预措施提供依据。方法对2016年1月1日至2019年12月31日南阳市住院的冠心病患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,观察其构成趋势及对心血管危险因素自我管理现状。结果共调查728例患者,各年度住院总数呈逐年上升趋势(P<0.01),慢性冠脉病变病例构成比逐年下降,急性冠脉综合征病例构成比逐年上升(P<0.05)。662例(90.93%)患者表示听说过心血管危险因素,651例(89.42%)患者表示有必要掌握心血管危险因素自我管理技能,483例(66.35%)患者表示接受过心血管危险因素自我管理培训,急性冠脉综合征患者对心血管危险因素自我管理培训需求更为突出(P<0.01)。各年度患者对心血管危险因素自我管理内容知晓率逐年上升(P<0.05),“三高”控制(74.31%)、科学饮食(72.94%)知晓率最高,情绪(44.64%)、熬夜(47.53%)、吸烟(50.96%)知晓率最低。各年度间危险因素知晓率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。冠心病患者心血管危险因素自我管理知识获取主要渠道为在院宣教[88.06%(641/728)],第二获取渠道为网络[70.60%(514/728)]。同一获取渠道不同年度间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论冠心病患者对心血管危险因素知晓度较低,自我管理技能培训需求较大。

Objective To understand the developing trend of coronary heart disease patients in Nanyang City,their needs for cardiovascular risk factors self-management,their knowledge and access,and to provide evidence for patient management interventions.Methods The clinical data of patients with coronary heart disease who were hospitalized in Nanyang City from January 1,2016 to December 31,2019 were retrospectively analyzed to observe the composition trend and the current status of self-management of cardiovascular risk factors.Results A total of 728 patients were investigated.The total number of hospitalizations in each year showed an increasing trend year by year(P<0.01).662(90.93%)patients said they had heard of cardiovascular risk factors,651(89.42%)patients said it was necessary to master cardiovascular risk factor self-management skills,and 483(66.35%)patients said they had received cardiovascular risk factor self-management skills.Management training,patients with acute coronary syndrome have more prominent needs for cardiovascular risk factor self-management training(P<0.01).In each year,the awareness rate of cardiovascular risk factors self-management content increased year by year(P<0.05).Smoking(50.96%)awareness rate was the lowest,and there was no significant difference in the awareness rate of risk factors among different years(P>0.05).The main channel for obtaining knowledge of cardiovascular risk factor self-management in patients with coronary heart disease was in-hospital education〔88.06%(641/728)〕,and the second channel was the Internet〔70.60%(514/728)〕,and there was no difference between different years in the same channel Statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusion Patients with coronary heart disease have a low awareness of cardiovascular risk factors and a greater need for self-management skills training.