深圳市罗湖区全科医生同理心能力及相关因素分析研究

Analysis of Empathy Ability and Related Factors of General Practitioners in Shenzhen Luohu District

目的同理心能力是全科医生职业技能的重要组成部分,本研究测量全科医生的同理心能力,并探讨其与性别、年龄、人格特质类型的关系。方法选取深圳市罗湖区全科医生。调查时间为2019年1—3月。采用自填问卷调查方式,包括:杰弗逊同理心测试量表(JPSE)和人格特质类型(TIPI)。结果共纳入112例全科医生。男性换位思考维度得分高于女性(t=0.531,P=0.01);男性同情心维度得分低于女性(t=-2.269,P=0.025)。全科医生的人格特质以认真/负责、宜人/愉快、情绪稳定三种人格特质为主;TIPI中"公开/坦率"与JSPE的"同理关怀""情绪"呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论男女性全科医生在同理心分项中各有所长。全科医生人格以认真、宜人、稳定为主。全科医生的坦诚特质与同理关怀和情绪等同理心有关。应结合文化差异、人格特质以及人际反应关系提升全科医生的同理心能力。

Objective Empathy is an important part of the general practitioner’s professional skills.This study measures the general practitioner’s empathy and explores its relationship with gender,age,and personality traits.Methods General practitioners in Luohu District of Shenzhen were selected.The survey time was from January to March in 2019.Self administered questionnaires were used,including Jefferson Empathy Test Scale(JPSE)and the Ten Item Personality Measure(TIPI).Results A total of 112 general practitioners were inculded.The score of empathy dimension of male was higher than that of female(t=0.531,P=0.01);the score of empathy of male was lower than that of female(t=-2.269,P=0.025).The personality trait of the general practitioner was seriously/responsible,pleasant/happy,emotionally stable."Openness/frankness"in TIPI was positively correlated with empathy and emotion of JSPE(P<0.01).Conclusion The male and female doctors have their own strengths in the empathy.The general practitioner’s personality is based on seriousness,pleasantness and stability.The candid traits of the general practitioner are related to the same care and emotional equivalence.The general practitioner’s empathy should be enhanced in light of cultural differences,personality traits,and interpersonal relationships.