职业锚的铸造:一个职教本科毕业生职业困顿的自我民族志

The Casting of Career Anchors:A Self-ethnography of Career Dilemmas among Vocational College Graduates

职业困顿是个体在职业发展过程中体会到的负向感受,会伴随职教本科生学习、求职、入职的全过程。职业院校通过学校规训向学生植入职业锚,但学校教学反而使学生丧失胜任职业的信心。朋辈交往过程中,学生会以兴趣爱好或身份“势差”为名主动调整社交网络,扩展自身职业进路,但周围环境易导致学生陷入“浅尝辄止、技能不深”的困局。步入职场,职教本科毕业生会首先渴望觅求本专业领域的岗位,但又由于资质过剩问题,引发其在职业选择上的矛盾。整体上看,机械式的教育方式通过规训、宰制改变了学生对职业的真实理解,为此需要发展福柯的反抗策略,为学生的“斗争”与“归顺”寻求铸造职业锚的中间栖地。具体而言,可通过理性探求与理智突围破除惯性学习与求职思维,凭借内在追寻与外在协调相融的方式让个体的职业价值更具韧性。

Career dilemma is a negative feeling experienced by individuals during their career development process,which accompanies the entire process of vocational college students’learning,job searching,and employment.This self-ethnography narrates the story of the author,a vocational college graduate,who experienced career dilemmas.These dilemmas accompany the entire process of studying,job hunting,and entering the workforce for vocational college students.Vocational colleges implant career anchors in students through institutional training,yet paradoxically,the teaching methods employed by these institutions undermine students’confidence in their professional competence.During peer interactions,students will actively adjust their social networks based on interests,hobbies,or social status differentials in order to expand their career prospects.However,the influence of the surrounding environment often leads to a situation where students only scratch the surface and lack deep skills.Upon entering the workplace,vocational college graduates initially seek positions in their field of expertise,but the problem of excessive qualifications in companies exacerbates their contradictions in career choices.Overall,the mechanistic educational approach restricts students’true understanding of their careers through institutional training.Therefore,it is necessary to develop Foucault’s strategies of resistance in order to seek a middle ground for students’“struggles”and“compliance”in forging career anchors.Specifically,it is possible to break free from habitual learning and job-seeking thinking through rational exploration and rational breakthroughs,and to make the individual’s career value more resilient by integrating internal pursuit and external coordination.