芬兰早期儿童教育与保育政策的历史演进与现实启示

The Historical Evolution and Realistic Enlightenment of Finland’s Early Childhood Education and Care Policy

芬兰早期儿童教育与保育(ECEC)以其公平优质的教育理念、灵活专业的多维体系及高素质、专业化的教师团队享誉世界。文章从政策变迁的视角对芬兰建国以来早期儿童教育与保育政策演变轨迹进行历史考察,研究发现,芬兰早期儿童教育与保育政策经历了早期萌芽、巩固与扩张、多元化与精细化、国际化与现代化四个演变历程;其政策演变强调“平等”与“全面”的教育理念,兼顾“社会本位”与“儿童本位”的教育取向,协调“质量”与“多元”的主体驱动,重视“包容”和“家庭支持”综合发展的逻辑特征。当前,我国学前教育在改革和发展中应优化学前教育政策结构治理体系,重视儿童整体发展的教育理念,建立科学的家庭婴幼儿服务保障体系,从而促进中国学前教育高质量发展。

Early Childhood Education and Care(ECEC)in Finland is renowned worldwide for its fair and high-quality educational philosophy,flexible and professional multi-dimensional system,and high-quality and professional teacher team.The article examines the historical evolution of early childhood education and care policies in Finland from the perspective of policy changes.It is found that Finland’s early childhood education and care policies have gone through four evolutionary processes:early germination,consolidation and expansion,diversification and refinement,internationalization and modernization;The policy evolution emphasizes the educational philosophy of“equality”and“comprehensiveness”,the educational orientation of balancing“social standard”and“child standard”,the subject driven coordination of“quality”and“diversity”,and the logical characteristics of emphasizing the comprehensive development of“inclusiveness”and“family support”.At present,in the reform and development of preschool education in China,we should optimize the governance system of preschool education policy structure,attach importance to the educational concept of children’s overall development,and establish a scientific family infant service security system,so as to promote the high-quality development of preschool education in China.