新生代农民工阶层分化的生成机制与社会后果——基于杭州市X区的田野调查

The Generation Mechanism and Social Consequence of Class Differentiation of the New Generation of Migrant Workers:Based on Field Investigation in X District,Hangzhou

新生代农民工是伴随我国工业化、城镇化和市场化而涌现的一支新型劳动大军。在这一进程中,该群体内部出现了明显的阶层分化。剖析新生代农民工阶层分化的生成机制与社会后果,对加快农业转移人口市民化和实现经济社会均衡发展具有重要意义。本文选择杭州市X区作为田野调查点,对24位新生代农民工开展深度访谈,借助扎根理论构建分析框架。研究发现:代际压力下的家庭禀赋机制(养老与养育压力)、代内发展下的经济保障机制(经济收入与债务负担)及外部市场下的市场竞争力机制(文凭与技术)综合塑造新生代农民工的阶层地位。在社会后果上具有阶层再生产、地位差距上的“马太效应”等特征,表现为子女在择校和课外补习上存在教育分层,群体成员在发展心态和生活方式上反差明显,社会诉求和利益表达的渠道选择和争取结果上具有实质性差异。最后,提出缩小该群体内部阶层差距和降低负面风险的社会治理对策。

The new generation of migrant workers is a new type of labor force that emerges along with industrialization,urbanization and marketization.In this series of processes,the group is within the emergence of obvious stratification.Analyzing the generation mechanism and social consequences of the stratification of the new generation of migrant workers is of great significance for accelerating the citizenization of the migrant agricultural population and realizing the balanced development of economy and society.In this study,X District of Hangzhou City,Zhejiang Province was selected as the site of field investigation,and 24 new generation migrant workers were interviewed in depth,and an analytical framework was built with the help of grounded theory.It is found that the family endowment mechanism under the intergenerational pressure(endowment and parenting pressure),the economic security mechanism under the intergenerational development(economic income and debt burden)and the market competitiveness mechanism under the external market(diploma and technology)comprehensively shape the class status of the new generation of migrant workers.In terms of social consequences,it has the characteristics of class reproduction and the“Matthew effect”in the status gap,which is manifested by the educational stratification of children in school choice and after-school tutoring,the obvious contrast in the development mentality and life style of group members,and the substantial difference in the choice of channels and results of social appeals and interest expression.Finally,it puts forward some social management measures to narrow the class gap and reduce the negative risk.