“被围困”:返乡青年的创业困境及其原因

"Under Siege" :The Dilemma of Starting a Business for Returned Rural Youths and Its Reason

在乡村振兴背景下,不少在外务工的农村青年选择返乡开设工厂。返乡青年正成为推动城乡融合、实现乡村振兴的重要主体。基于对山东、河南七个乡镇返乡青年的研究发现,返乡创业是青年顺应产业转移趋势、基于回归家庭与维持生计相结合的微观主体动因作出的选择。但他们的经营实践面临双重困境,具体表现为乡村工人的强流动性特征限制工厂发展,青年自身能动性有限使其难以从困境中突围。以政治经济学四大关键问题为突破口探究困境成因,乡村工人具有“退出成本低”的结构性力量,对其控制力弱是青年陷入困境的主要原因,深层原因则在于转移产业与乡村的结构性矛盾。政府应该提供政策支持,引导返乡青年摆脱困境,实现更高质量的创业与发展。

Under the background of rural revitalization,many young rural workers have returned to their villages to set up factories.The returned rural youths are becoming an important part of promoting urban-rural integration and rural revitalization.Based on the study of the returned rural youths from 7 towns in Shandong and Henan Province,it is found that the choice of returning home to start a business is made by the youths in accordance with the trend of industrial transfer,and based on the micro-subject motivation of returning family and maintaining livelihood.However,their management is faced with double troubles,which are characterized by the strong mobility of rural workers limiting the development of factory,and their limited initiative making it difficult to break out of the trouble.Through the four key questions of political economy,it is found that rural workers have the structural power of“low exit cost”,and the weak control over them is the main reason why the youths get into trouble.The underlying reason is the structural contradiction between transferred industry and rural society.Therefore,the government should provide supportive policy to guide returned rural youths to get out of trouble and realize higher quality development.