乾嘉学者王念孙文献语言问题立论方法探讨

Discussion on Qian-Jia(乾嘉)scholar Wang Niansun's Argumentation Method of Literature Language

科学研究过程中发现问题并亮出观点尤其重要,这一步骤表现在王念孙的文献语言研究方面,即为文献语言问题的立论阶段和方法。王氏的文献语言问题立论方法依据阐说线索的多寡可以分为“单项自足法”和“多项规约法”两种类型。单项自足法意即只依据一条线索来生发问题的方式,而多项规约法则依据多条线索来综合规约着立论的最终达成。上述两种立论方法所发挥效力是相同的,均能有效确立一个正确的文献语言命题。只不过单项自足法立论过程言简意赅,而多项规约法立论过程则严谨缜密。当然,运用单项自足法还是多项规约法立论,要根据具体的文献在撰作表述以及传抄刻写过程中出现的语言问题的性质。

It is particularly important to identify problems and state opinions in the process of scientific research.This process is manifested in Wang Niansun's literature language research,that is,the argumentation method of literature language issues.According to the number of elucidated clues,the argumentation method of Wang Niansun's literature language issues can be divided into two types:"single self-sufficiency method"and"multiple stipulation method".Single self-sufficiency method is the way to generate problems based on only one clue,while the multiple stipulation method comprehensively stipulates the final conclusion of the argumentation based on multiple clues.The above two argumentation methods have the same effect and can effectively establish a correct literature language proposition.However,the argumentation process of single self-sufficiency method is concise and comprehensive,while the argumentation process of multiple stipulation method is rigorous and meticulous.Of course,whether to use single self-sufficiency method or multiple stipulation method to make an argument depends on the nature of language issues that occur in the process of writing,expressing,copying and inscribing specific literature.