农民收入:结构性问题与均衡性增长

Farmers'Incomes:Structural Problems And Balanced Growth

党的十八大以来,农民收入增长中出现的结构性问题值得关注。在农民收入来源结构中不仅农业经营净收入增速最慢,而且其财产净收入数额和比重均过小,并且在农民群体内部结构中收入增长的分化现象较为突出。此外,农民收入结构转换也明显滞后于三大产业产值结构变化。导致农民收入出现以上结构性问题的因素主要包括农产品生产成本的“地板效应”突出、重工业优先发展战略和城市中心主义的历史惯性沿袭、农村“能人外迁”等要素外流、二元户籍制度阻碍人口城镇化。由此,需要以科技创新支撑农业现代化发展提升务农农民农业经营收入,改革宅基地制度拓宽农民财产性收入来源,建立集体经济组织退出机制减少身份农民,以公共服务更加均等化的居住证制度取代户籍制度增加进城农民的公共转移支付收入,促进农民收入实现均衡性增长。

The structural problems in the growth of farmers'income since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China are worth paying attention to.In the structure of farmers'income source,not only the growth rate of agricultural net income is the slowest,but also the amount and proportion of its net property income are too small,and the differentiation of its income growth is more prominent in the internal structure of farmers,in addition,the transformation of farmers'income structure also lags significantly behind the structural change of the output value of the three industries.The main factors leading to the above structural problems in farmers'income include the prominent"floor effect"of agricultural production costs,the historical inertia of the priority development strategy of heavy industry and urban centrism,the outflow of factors such as"capable famers emigration"from rural areas,and the dual household registration system hindering population urbanization.As a result,promoting a balanced growth of farmers'income needs to improve farming of agricultural modernization in science and technology innovation to support agricultural income of farmers,reform the land system to broaden the source of farmers'property income,establish exit mechanism of collective economic organizations to reduce identity farmers,the household registration system should be replaced by a residence permit system with more equal public services to increase the income of public transfer payments for rural residents in cities.