论我国股份质押制度重构的若干基本法律问题——以与日本法的相关制度比较为视角

Some Basic Legal Issues in Reconstruction of the Share Pledge System in China——From a Comparative Perspective of Relevant Japanese Laws

股份公司的股份,以其明确的财产价值和极高的流通性成了最具生命力和吸引力的权利质押标的物,极大地促进了我国股份质押融资市场的兴起和发展。但处于制度保障地位的我国股份质押法律制度,存在主要法律用语不统一、使用混乱、相关法律间职责分工不清、制度基本内容严重缺失等突出问题。确定含义准确、使用统一的主要法律用语,在明确一般法与特别法职责分工协作关系的基础上各尽其责,应由特别法的公司法从股份的可质押性、股份因其形式不同的质押生效要件和对抗要件、保障标的物价值的物上代位权以及股份质押当事人的相关请求权等方面重构我国股份质押基本法律制度,并能为实践中蓬勃发展的“股份让与担保”提供必要法律制度基础。

Shares of a joint stock limited company,as for the obvious value of assets and highly circulation,become the most vivid and attractive subject matter of pledge,which greatly enhance the rise and development of share pledge financing market in China.However,laws of share pledge which are supposed to be the system guarantee,apparently have some issues to solve,such as the inconsistency in the expression of main legal terms,the confusion of their usages,unclear function division among relevant laws,serious lack of some basic elements and so on.Thus,it is necessary to reconstruct the share pledge legal system from the following aspects accordingly:define the main legal terms accurately and use them consistently,make sure the laws all function well based on a clear division and coordination between general law and special law,and revise provisions in PRC Company Law as the special law about the pledgability of shares,the essential requirements for pledge to take effect or resist due to different forms of shares,the subrogation right to ensure the value of subject matter,and the right of claim for the parties concerned,furthermore providing an essential legal foundation for"system of guarantee for shares transfer"which has been booming in practice.