青海海西吐蕃棺板画“山”字形冠人物考

Study of the Figure in the Coffin Paintings in Haixi Region in Qinghai Whose Hat with the Mountain Glyph

2002年海西郭里木出土吐蕃棺板画,被看作是学术史上吐蕃时期美术考古遗存一次最为集中、最为丰富的发现,画面中出现数量众多的吐蕃人物形象,其中头戴“山”字形冠人物格外引人关注。实际上这种头戴“山”字形冠的人物早在象雄时期的岩画中即已出现,是与苯教关系紧密的苯教巫师(即苯波)的身份标识物,其冠帽上的“山”字形是符号化了的“神鸟穹”图形,是象雄“神鸟穹”图腾崇拜的体现。之后随着深受象雄苯教影响,而又笃信苯教的吐蕃征服吐谷浑,源自象雄的苯教信仰和“神鸟穹”崇拜也被带到了海西,吐蕃棺板画中头戴“山”字形冠苯教巫师的出现,正是这一信仰和崇拜的体现。

The Figure has appeared in the cliff paintings in Zhang zhung period which appeared in the Coffin Paintings in Haixi Region in Qinghai Whose Hat with the Mountain Glyph.The figure appeared in the coffin paintings is a bon shaman closely associated with the Bon religion.The hat decorated with mountain glyph is symbolized figure of the sacred bird which is the embodiment of totem worship.Tubo was deeply influenced by Zhang zhung Bon religion,with the conquest of Tuguhun by the Tubo,bon religion and the worship of the sacred bird dome were also brought to Haixi.This belief and worship is reflected in the Coffin Paintings in Haixi Region in Qinghai Whose Hat with the Mountain Glyph.