危难救助义务的理论支撑——基于社会学的视角

Theoretical Support of the Duty to Rescue in Distress——Based on Sociological Perspective

科技的进步加剧了社会风险的发生,生存危险的抵御必须依靠社会成员在危难中的相互救助。分担社会风险,强化危难救助的法律义务是对个人安全保障的有效途径。生存是人类发展的基本需求,个体间的差异让社会协作成了人类彼此间维系生存的纽带,相互间的寻求救助、实施救助推动着整个人类社会的长久发展,也引领着危难救助义务的法律化趋势。社会制度的缺位导致社会差距凸显,处于他人行为和选择弱势中的弱者出现加深了人与人之间的依赖程度,突发的危险让每个人都可能成为境遇性的弱者,现实和潜在的弱势危险要求每个人援手救助以实现社会的救助责任,并以危难救助义务的法律化维护社会的安全稳定。

The progress of science and technology has intensified the occurrence of social risks,and the defense of survival danger must rely on the mutual assistance of social members in danger.Sharing social risks and strengthening the the duty to rescue in distress are an effective way to guarantee personal security.Survival is the basic demand of human development.The differences among individuals make social cooperation a link for human beings to maintain their survival.The mutual seeking and implementation of assistance promote the long-term development of the whole human society,and also lead the legalization trend of the duty to rescue in distress.The absence of the social system leads to the prominent social gap.The emergence of the weak in the behavior and choice of others has deepened the dependence between people.Sudden risks make everyone possible to become a situational weak.The reality and potential vulnerable risks require everyone to assist in order to realize the responsibility of social assistance,and maintain social security and stability with the legalization of the duty to rescue in distress.