基于生态位模型的白水江自然保护区保护效益评价研究

Evaluating conservation effectiveness of Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve based on maxent model

以甘肃白水江国家级自然保护区为研究区,选择大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、金丝猴(Pygathrix roxellanae)和羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)三种重点保护动物为研究对象,通过系统收集相关物种种群数量和分布信息,基于生态位模型,模拟分析主要保护对象的栖息地适宜区分布,进而通过各物种适宜区的空间配置与保护区功能区划叠置分析,对它们竞争与协同关系进行分析,进而对白水江保护区保护效益进行评价.研究表明:大熊猫适宜生境的面积为209.9 km^(2),较适宜生境面积为545.4 km^(2);金丝猴适宜生境的面积为249.1 km^(2),较适宜生境面积为744.0 km^(2);羚牛适宜生境的面积为160.9 km^(2);较适宜生境面积为778.5 km^(2).保护区区划总体合理,核心区有效保护了89.8%~92.4%适宜栖息地和68.1%~83.5%较适宜栖息地,70%的缓冲区面积和22.9%左右的实验区面积为潜在栖息地.建议对保护区边界和功能区划微调.

Taking Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province as the research area,we selected three key protected animals(giant panda,golden monkey and takin)to be as our study object.By systematically collecting the population information of related species,we simulated and analyzed the habitat suitable area distribution of main protected objects based on the niche model.Then the spatial configuration of suitable areas were overlain by the functional zones of the reserve to analyze their competitive and cooperative relation,in turn,to assess protective effect.The results showed that:the highest suitable habitat area of giant panda was 209.9 km^(2),the more suitable habitat area was 545.4 km^(2),the highest suitable habitat area of golden monkey was 249.1 km^(2),the more suitable habitat area was 744.0 km^(2),the highest suitable habitat area of takin was 160.9 km^(2),the more suitable habitat area was 778.5 km^(2),the protection area was reasonable,89.8%~92.4%of the highest suitable habitats and 68.1%~83.5%of more suitable habitats were effectively protected in the core area.70%of the buffer area and 22.9%of the experimental area were potential habitats.It is suggested to adjust the boundary and functional zoning of the reserve a little according to the results.