山西五鹿山国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性分析

Diversity and analysis of birds in the national nature reserve of Wulu Mountain in Shanxi,China

本研究采用样线调查结合红外相机照相数据收集方法,对山西五鹿山国家级自然保护区的鸟类资源在不同季节和繁殖期进行跟踪调查.调查结果统计分析显示,保护区内野生鸟类共43种,隶属于10目、19科、35属,其中,国家一级重点保护野生鸟类2种、二级重点保护野生鸟类3种、山西省重点保护鸟类2种、我国特有鸟类3种.按照居留类型分,有留鸟30种、夏候鸟5种,约占该保护区鸟类物种总数的81.3%;冬候鸟3种、旅鸟2种,约占该保护区鸟类物种总数的11.5%;依据动物区系划分,古北界鸟类较多,占65.1%.样线调查分析表明,密度较大的鸟类是大山雀、煤山雀、环颈稚和褐马鸡,优势种是稚科、啄木鸟科、鸦科、鸫科和鹟科,常见种属于鸠鸽科和山雀科,发现稀有种白冠燕尾;红外相机法调查结果表明,丰富度较大的鸟类为褐马鸡、环颈稚和红嘴蓝鹊,SPSS 24.0分析显示红嘴蓝鹊的平均海拔与时间显著相关.此外,利用两种调查方法首次在该保护区发现国家二级保护动物小杓鹬、戈氏岩鹀和白冠燕尾.这些研究成果不仅有助于山西五鹿山国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性变化的监测,而且也可为构建完整的鸟类保护与监测体系提供参考资料和实践指导.

In this study,we investigated the wild birds of the National Nature Reserve of Wulu Mountain in Shanxi Province in different seasons and reproductive periods by combining the two methods of the line intercept and infrared camera photography.The results showed that there were 43 bird species,belonging to 10 orders,19 families and 35 genera,among which two species are considered as the national firstclass protection of wild birds,three species as national second-class protection,two species as key protected birds in Shanxi Province,and three species as endemic birds in China.According to the habitat type,there are 30 species of resident birds and five species of summer migratory birds,which account for 81.40%of the total number of bird species.Meanwhile,there are three winter migratory species and two migratory species,which account for 11.63%.Based on the animal fauna,most of the birds are original in the palearctic realm,accounting for 65.1%.On the other hand,the results from the line intercept analysis showed that the dominant birds are Parus major,Parus ater,Phasianus colchicus and Crossoptilon mantchuricumi,which belong to the families Phasianidae,Picidae,Corvidae,Turdidae and Muscicapidae,respectively.The common bird species come from Columbidae and Paridae,and the rare bird species Enicurus leschenaultiais found for the first time.However,the statistic results of infrared camera photography indicated that the birds with the greatest richness were Crossoptilon mantchuricum,Phasianus colchicus and Urocissa erythroryncha,and SPSS 24.0 showed that the average distribution altitude of U.erythrorynchais significantly correlated with season.Additionally,three national second-class protected wildbirds,Numenius minutus,Emberiza godlewskii and Enicurus leschenaulti,were firstly found in the National Nature Reserve of Wulu Mountain in Shanxi.The present research not only contribute to monitor the changes of bird diversity in the National Nature Reserve,but also provide basic guidance for constructing the better bird protection and resource system.