受强迫行为中刑事责任的认定——章某某受迫杀人案鉴定式分析

Criminal Liability in Conduct under Duress——An Expertise on the Manslaughter-under-Duress Case in Sichuan

章某某受迫杀人案的判决存在两大疑问,即勒索财物型绑架罪是否包括向被害人本人勒赎,以及受胁迫杀害他人免除刑事责任的理由何在。本案涉及多个方面的问题,有通过鉴定式案例分析展示法律适用方法的标本意义。刘某等人劫持并向被害人本人勒赎不构成绑架罪或抢劫罪未遂,仅构成非法拘禁罪;刘某、岳某持枪支、刀具威胁的行为不构成独立的犯罪;章某某受胁迫杀人可通过对不可抗力作规范理解而免责,刘某等人构成故意杀人罪间接共同正犯;刘某等人以录像相威胁构成敲诈勒索罪未遂。刘某等人所构成的三罪评价重心不重合,应当数罪并罚。

Whether the extorted and the kidnapped can be the same person in an offense of abduction,and why an offense of murder under duress can be excused,are two unsolved problems in the Judgment of the Manslaughter-underDuress Case in Sichuan.Many other legal issues are also involved in this case,thus it could be an example to show the technique of the application of law through an expertise.In this case,the conduct of kidnapping does not constitute an offense of abduction or an offense of attempted robbery,but only an offense of false imprisonment.The conduct of threatening with gun and knife does not constitute any offenses in the positive criminal law of China.The conduct of killing under duress could be interpreted as a case of force majeure,and the coercing persons are indirect co-perpetrators.The conduct of threatening with the video of killing constitutes an offense of attempted extortion.The cores of these three offenses do not overlap with each other;therefore,a combined punishment should be inflicted.