《资本论》与《国富论》学术关系新论——从对商品“使用价值”与“价值”关系的重新解读谈起

A New Academic Relationship Between Das Kapital and The Wealth of Nations——Starting from the Reinterpretation of the Relationship Between Use Value and Value of Commodities

"使用价值"和"价值"是马克思主义政治经济学的两个关键概念,其内在关系一直被认为是并列平行关系,通过深入分析《资本论》"抽象力"运用过程,会发现两者不是并列平行关系,而是"感性具体"与"思维抽象"的关系。《国富论》主要是围绕使用价值这一经济现象层面的问题展开分析,《资本论》在批判吸收使用价值分析视角的同时,主要将视野投放到对价值问题的本质分析层面。解决了这一问题就会发现,以《国富论》为学术内核的西方经济学和以《资本论》为代表的马克思主义政治经济学之间的关系不是简单的具体与抽象的关系,而是现象与本质的关系。基于这个认识,就可以切实发挥马克思主义政治经济学的指导功能,科学安排马克思主义政治经济学和西方经济学的关系,真正坚持和发展中国特色社会主义政治经济学。

The two concepts of use value and value are the key concepts of Marxist political economics.Their internal relations have always been regarded as parallel relations.Through an in-depth analysis,we will find that they are not parallel relations,but logical progressive relations between perceptual concrete and thinking abstract.The Wealth of Nations mainly focuses on the use of the value of this economic phenomenon of the level of analysis,while Das Kapital,in addition to the use of the value of the problem,mainly focuses on the view of the value of the issue of the essential analysis of the level.After solving this problem,we can find that the relationship between Western economics represented by The Wealth of Nations and Marxist economics represented by Das Kapital is not the relationship between abstract and concrete,but between phenomenon and essence.With this understanding,we can scientifically arrange the relationship between Marxist economics and Western economics under the guidance of Marxist world view and methodology,and innovate and develop socialist economics with Chinese characteristics in the process of responding to global and Chinese problems.