随意的翻译与有问题的解释——谈海德格尔《形而上学导论》新旧译本的翻译问题

Random Translation and Problematic Explanation

无论being(Sein)一词本身是不是系词,一个不争的事实是:系词含义是它的主要含义。最保守地说,至少它字面上就有系词含义。所以,应该将being译为"是",应该在汉译字面上体现出它的系词特征和系词含义,并且应该主要在系词的意义上理解它。谈论being的翻译,也应该考虑系词的意义,即使认为应该将being译为"存在"并为这样的观点辩护,也应该在系词的意义上谈论"存在"与being的关系,而不应该回避系词的谈论,或在系词的问题上避重就轻。Being及其相关问题,包括其系词含义的问题,并不仅仅是语言学和逻辑学的问题,而是哲学本身的问题,是形而上学中最核心的问题。

It is a fact that the word being( Sein) is a copula,a word with the copulative sense as its main meaning.The Chinese translation of the word being therefore should be shi,a word that literally functions as copula and has copulative meaning,instead of cunzai,a word that only means existence.A discussion about being in philosophy does matter at least in two senses:one is how to deal with the relation between logic and linguistics,between Chinese and foreign languages,and the other is how to deal with problems in metaphysics with a view of logic.And the nature of the discussion in question is not of translation,but how to understand Western philosophy.