中国生态扶贫的理论创新和实现机制

The Theoretical Innovation and Realization Mechanism of the Ecological Poverty Alleviation in China

生态扶贫是中国特色社会主义扶贫道路的重要内容,贫困地区广泛开展的生态扶贫实践是以"两山论"为精髓的习近平生态文明思想的生动实践。贫困地区与生态脆弱地区高度耦合是中国推进生态扶贫的现实背景,"绿水青山就是金山银山"是中国实施生态扶贫的内涵要求。中国的生态扶贫实践,路径多元,模式多样,主要包括参与生态工程建设、实施生态补偿政策、设置生态公益岗位、发展生态特色产业、开展易地生态搬迁五种类型。中国在生态扶贫实践中积累了丰富经验:一是与提高生态系统服务供给水平相结合;二是与促进生态产品价值实现相结合;三是与促进自然资源保值增值相结合;四是与发展乡村特色生态产业相结合;五是与促进农民就业增收相结合;六是与促进乡村治理有效相结合。2020年后,相对贫困地区的政策导向将由生态扶贫迈向生态振兴。

Ecological poverty alleviation is an important component of the socialist road of poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics.The extensive practice of ecological poverty alleviation in poor areas is a vivid practice of Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization with the essence of Two Mountains Theory.The high coupling between poor areas and ecologically fragile areas is the realistic background for China to promote ecological poverty alleviation.The idea that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets is the connotation requirement of China’s ecological poverty alleviation.China’s practice of ecological poverty alleviation consists of five types,namely,participation in ecological engineering construction,implementation of ecological compensation policies,establishment of ecological public welfare posts,development of ecological characteristic industries,and ecological relocation.China has accumulated rich experience in ecological poverty alleviation,which is the combination of improving the supply level of ecosystem services,promoting the realization of the value of ecological products,maintaining and increasing the value of natural resources,developing ecological industries with rural characteristics,increasing farmer employment and income,and promoting effective rural governance.After 2020,the policy orientation of relatively poor areas will shift from ecological poverty alleviation to ecological revitalization.