中国产业扶贫的减贫逻辑和实践路径

The Poverty Reduction Logic and Practical Approach of the Industrial Poverty Alleviation in China

产业扶贫在脱贫攻坚"五个一批"中涉及面最广、带动人口最多,为赢得脱贫攻坚贡献了重要力量。在尊重市场和产业发展规律的前提下,政府对贫困户发展所需的资金需求、人力资本提升、技术体系支撑、就业创业创造、基础设施完善等提供适度支持,并通过构建市场主体与贫困户之间的利益联结机制来达到预期减贫目标,是产业扶贫的减贫逻辑。实践中,不断强化规划、资金、技术、人才等方面的政策扶持,基于资源禀赋和市场需求发展特色种养业,加强农产品产销对接帮扶,构建紧密型利益联结机制,盘活资源要素并让贫困人口分享资产收益,是减贫的具体路径。精准施策、到村到户到人,找准定位、突出优势特色,培育主体、强化引领带动,农民主体、激发内生动力,是中国特色产业扶贫为后续产业发展和世界减贫事业提供的有益经验。未来从产业扶贫走向产业振兴,要更加重视提升产业发展质量,在利用市场机制、发挥特色优势和依靠内生动力上发力。

Industrial poverty alleviation has the most extensive coverage and the largest driven population in five key measures,which contributed a lot in winning the fight of poverty reduction.The poverty reduction logic of industrial poverty alleviation is that,on the premise of following the rules of market and industrial development,the government provides appropriate support for the needs of poor households in finance,human capital enhancement,technical system support,employment and startup,and infrastructural improvement,and builds benefit linkage mechanism between market entities and poor households,so as to achieve the expected poverty reduction goal.In practice,the critical path of poverty reduction is to(1)continuously strengthen policy support in terms of planning,capital,technology,qualified personnel,etc.,(2)develop distinctive planting and breeding industries based on resource endowments and market demand,(3)enhance the support for the production and marketing docking,(4)build a close benefit linkage mechanism between market subject and poor households,(5)activate resource elements and let the poor share asset returns.The rewarding experience of poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics for the follow-up agricultural industrial development and world poverty reduction is(1)targeting policy implementation,to accurate its access to villages,households and people,(2)accurately fixing the orientation of agricultural industry,to give prominence to the comparative advantage and characteristics,(3)fostering main body of industrial development,to reinforce their leading and driving role,(4)making the farmers main body,to stimulate their endogenous motivation.In the future,to transform from industrial poverty alleviation to industrial revitalization,more attention should be paid to improving the quality of agricultural industrial development,and efforts should be made to utilize market mechanisms,distinctive advantages,and endogenous power.