美国科技促进法对大学科技成果转化的影响及启示——《拜杜法案》四十年实践回顾

Science and Technology Promotion Act on the Transformation of University Scientific and Technological Achievements——Forty Years’Review of the Practice of “Bayh-Dole Act”

1980年颁布的《拜杜法案》是美国促进大学科技成果转化具有“里程碑”意义的法案。经过四十余年的实践,法案逐步完善并形成了一个相对完整的科技促进法律体系。该法案对美国大学科技创新与成果转化产生了重大影响,并成为世界各国制定科技成果转化法律制度的范本。本文从《拜杜法案》的制度特征与实践路径的视角,厘清其法律属性与制度本质,并超越其内容范式的认知,从实践层面挖掘内在的激励要素以及对潜在风险的规制功能。结合我国大学科技成果转化体制改革和创新的实际进行比较和分析,为进一步深化我国大学科技创新与应用的体制机制改革和创新提供新的思路。

The“Bayh-Dole Act”,which was promulgated by the United States in 1980,is a milestone act for promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in universities.After more than 40 years of practice,the Act has been gradually perfected and formed a relatively complete legal system for promoting science and technology.The Act has a significant impact on the innovation of science and technology and the transformation of achievements in American universities.And it has become a model for countries all around the world to formulate legal systems for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.Based on the perspective of the institutional characteristics and practical paths of the Act,the paper aims to clarify its legal attributes and institutional essence,transcend the cognition of its content paradigm,and unearth the internal incentive elements and the regulatory function of potential risks from the practical level.The comparison and analysis are made in combining with the reality of transformation system reform and innovation of scientifical and technological achievements in China's universities,it provides new ideas for further deepening the reform and innovation of university scientific and technological innovation and application in China.