家庭教育中的“父母倦怠”:心理健康视角

Parental Burnout in Family Education:A Mental Health Perspective

父母倦怠是由于家庭资源和心理需求之间可感知的差异而产生的心理健康问题。从学理与概念溯源上看,它由职业倦怠的概念演化而来,其特点是对孩子养育的退缩、不负责任,情感和身体的衰竭,以及对家庭生活态度消极、情感冷漠,成就感降低等,这些都与父母的人格特征、养育压力、亲子关系和生活压力等因素密切相关,上述消极症状对父母和孩子有严重的不良后果。为了缓解、减少和消除父母倦怠现象,全社会应着力建构父母压力源和资源之间的平衡系统,这是维持和促进父母心理健康水平的前提条件。

Parental burnout is a mental health problem resulting from perceived differences between family resources and psychological needs.Theoretically and conceptually,it evolved from the concept of job burnout,characterized by withdrawal and irresponsibility in child-rearing,emotional and physical exhaustion,negative attitude and emotional apathy towards family life,and low sense of achievement.Parental burnout is closely related to parents’personality characteristics,parenting pressure,parent-child relationship,and life pressure.Such negative symptoms have serious adverse effects on both parents and children.To alleviate,reduce and eliminate parental burnout,it is crucial to construct a balanced system between parents’stressors and resources,which is the prerequisite for maintaining and promoting parents’mental health.