栅栏生态文化学:基于牧区栅栏与野生动物关系的一种分析

Fence Eco-Culturology:An Analysis Based on the Relationship Between Fences and Wildlife in Pastoral areas

在广大牧区,畜牧业与野生动物的冲突是一个值得关注的现象,引发冲突的一个重要原因是各种栅栏的设置。栅栏一旦被设置,就会对周边牧区的野生动物产生深刻而广泛的影响。在牧区生态学研究中,关于栅栏对野生动物的影响常见于"牧区流动性"取向与"牧民定居"取向的两类研究中,牧区实践的复杂性也从中得到体现。对野生动物产生的积极和消极影响同时存在于栅栏设置的实践之中。基于牧区实践视角探索牧区因栅栏而产生的生态文化现象及其影响与后果,我们可以把这种研究范式称为"栅栏生态文化学",它的实践范畴和研究主题是复杂的,同时也是重要的,有深入研究的必要性。在这一研究范式下,国家需要对牧民实践和乡镇政府实践给予更大的重视,促进权责利新机制的生成。

The conflict between animal husbandry and wild animals is an important phenomenon worthy of attention in the vast pastoral areas.One of the important reasons for the conflict is the setting of various fences.Once a fence is put in place,it has a profound and widespread effect on the wildlife in the surrounding pastoral area.In the research of pastoral ecology,the impact of fences on wild animals is commonly seen in the research of"pastoral mobility"orientation and"herdsmen settlement"orientation,which also reflects the complexity of pastoral practice.Both positive and negative impacts on wildlife can be found in the practice of fence installation.Based on the practical perspective of pastoral areas,to explore the ecological culture phenomenon and its influence and consequences caused by fence,we can call this research paradigm"fence ecological culture".Its practical category and research topic are complex,but also important,and it is necessary for further study.Under this research paradigm,the state needs to pay more attention to the practice of herdsmen and township governments,and promote the generation of the new mechanism of rights,responsibilities and interests.