青藏牧民心灵环保与生态行动的人类学观察

Anthropological Observation of Herdsmen’s Protection of Mental Environment and Ecological Action in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

心灵环保的概念和实践模式是生态和宗教人类学研究的新课题。在青藏黄河源的玛曲,僧人和牧民在实践中发展出两种心灵环保模式,从而保证行动者的身体与心灵、外在行动与内在思想都达到某种统一。在社会层面,心灵环保通过宗教的净土理念和国家的生态文明思想调柔内心,从而提升生态保护意识和生态文明建设水平;在社区层面,心灵环保既培育和模塑个体成员的人格、德性,又为环保组织提供强大的内生性动力和团体凝聚力。完整的环境保护既包括外在的生态环保也包含内在的心灵环保,心灵环保触及到环保的本质问题因而是环保的深层形态。心灵环保的实践使得地方环保组织的生态行动上升到国家文明和生态文化的高度。

The concept and practice mode of Mental Environment is a new topic of ecological and religious anthropology.It also absorbed ideas of national ecological protection policies in the practice of monks and herdsmen in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.At Maqu in the source region of the Yellow River on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,local monks and herdsmen developed two types of Mental Environment in practice.So eco-actors make themselves reach a certain unity between body and soul,external actions and internal thoughts.At the social level Mental Environment is used to tame the mind through Pure Land idea and ecological civilization thoughts,so as to forward ecological awareness and the level of eco-civilization construction;At the community level Protection of Mental Environment is not only used to cultivate and shape individual members’personality and virtue,but also provide strong internal power and organizational cohesion.Integrality of environment protection comprises both external eco-protection and internal mental environment protection.Protection of Mental Environment is a deep factor which touches on essential issues.The practice of Protection of Mental Environment promotes ecological actions of the local eco-organization to the height of national civilization and eco-culture.