摩梭人传统婚姻家庭文化的当代境遇及未来抉择——基于木里和泸沽湖地区的实地考察

The Contemporary Situation and Future Choice of Mosuo People’s Traditional Marriage and Family Culture——Based on Field Investigation of Muli and Lugu Lake Area

母系家庭和走婚制一直是摩梭人独特的传统文化,且具有不可替代性,但随着现代化浪潮的冲击,其独特的婚姻家庭文化也随之发生变化:在婚姻方面,择偶标准的现实因素增加,地域范围和族别扩大化,走婚形式的严格度降低;在家庭方面,母系家庭小型化,成员的相依关系弱化,男女劳动分工的市场化因素增加。其原因主要是多元化的生产方式、高频率的人口双向流动和交通条件的改善几个方面。只有通过尊重摩梭人主体性的需要,加强对其文化传承自觉性的教育引导,将维持母系家庭与改善居民生活状况相结合,才能使摩梭人独特的传统婚姻家庭文化朝着理性的方向发展。

Matriarchalfamily and walking marriage have always been the unique traditional culture of the Mosuo people.They are irreplaceable.But the unique marriage and family culture of the Mosuo people also will be affected in the wave of modernization.In regard to marriage,there are theincreasing of the reality factor of spouse selection,the expansion of the geographical scope and ethnic groups of mate choice and the reduction of the stringency of marriageform.In regard to family,there are theminiaturization of matriarchal family,the reduction of the dependency of family members and the increasing of the labor market factors of division of laborbetween men and women in the family.After the analysis,it is found that the influencing factors mainly include diversified production methods,high frequency of the population two-way flow and improvement of the traffic conditions.Only by respecting the subjectivity needs of the Mosuo people,strengthening the education guiding of Mosuo people’s cultural heritage consciousness and combining the matriarchal family with the improvement of the people’s living conditions can the Mosuo people make the unique traditional marriage and family culture towards rational direction.