企业家发现的情报学探索:基于情报学视角的“企业家发现”模型

An Explorative Study of Entrepreneurial Discovery Based on Intelligence Studies:A Model of Entrepreneurial Discovery from the Perspective of Intelligence Studies

企业家发现是推动创新、创业的重要影响因素。企业家发现理论认为,市场永远处于变化的过程中,也因此永远充满了机会。但市场机会不是谁都能看到的,市场机会的发现需要“企业家发现”。企业家发现背后的影响因素有哪些,企业家发现理论没有给出答案。文章尝试从情报学视角弥补这方面的缺陷。通过梳理现有的情报学理论,总结出基于情报学视角的企业家发现模型。根据该模型,企业家发现首先需要对信息的注意和正确解读。影响企业家对信息的注意力和解读的因素有个人(或群体)的预期、认知图式、先验知识;环境因素、信息特征和人际关系。这些因素的单独或共同作用,影响了企业家发现。文章利用该模型审视了世界上25位知名的企业家,证实了上述因素对企业家发现的影响,填补了企业家发现理论的部分缺陷,并扩大了情报学的运用领域,为拓展情报学的运用提供了一个示范。

Entrepreneurial discovery is an important factor in promoting innovation and entrepreneurship.Entrepreneurial discovery theory believes that the market is always in the process of change and therefore always full of opportunities.But not everyone can see market opportunities.The discovery of market opportunities requires“entrepreneurial discovery”.However,the entrepreneurial discovery theory does not give answers to what are the influencing factors behind entrepreneurial discovery.This study builds an entrepreneurial discovery model from the perspective of intelligence studies by reviewing the relevant literature of intelligence studies,thus making up for the shortcoming.According to this model,the entrepreneurial discovery needs,first of all,attention to the relevant information and correct interpretation of the information.The entrepreneurs’attention to and interpretation of information are affected by personal(or group)expectations,cognitive schemas,and prior knowledge;as well as environmental factors,information characteristics,and interpersonal relationships.These factors individually or combining together affect the entrepreneurial discovery.This paper uses the model to examine 25 well-known entrepreneurs in the world and proved the model initially.This paper fills some of the gap of entrepreneurial discovery theory and expands the application field of intelligence studies.This research offered an example of new application of intelligence studies.