情报研究视角下基金项目数据挖掘与分析——以美国科学基金数据中人工智能领域为例

Data Mining and Analysis of Fund Projects in View of Intelligence Research:Case Studies of AI Field in NSF Data

【目的/意义】国家级基金项目在科学技术研究的发展上具有重大引导与推动作用,对基金数据的挖掘与分析有助于研究国家层面的科技政策、战略部署和科技投入,掌握技术领域的研究状态与发展演化。【方法/过程】从情报研究视角出发,在解析基金项目数据单元的表征及其信息含义基础上进行研究设计。结合不同指标测度,以美国国家科学基金会2008年至2018年间人工智能领域相关项目的资助数据为例,基于宏观从多个维度对资助金额、学部、负责人、机构及项目计划号等数据,进行整体性的时空刻画和分析。【结果/结论】美国的有力政策导向与持续资金投入支撑了人工智能领域的快速发展,并使该领域的基础研究、重点研究学部、前沿技术与应用范畴各自体现出不同的分布特征、发展特色和资助特点。【创新/局限】提出整体全、重点深的纵横交贯研究思路,创建了宏微观结合的技术领域基金项目数据挖掘与分析框架。基金数据与其它科研数据结合开展关联情报分析有待进一步研究。

【Purpose/significance】National fund projects play a major role in guiding and promoting the development of science and technology research.It is helpful by mining fund data to study the S&T policy,strategic deployment and S&T investment at the national level,and grasp the research status and development evolution of the technical field.【Method/process】From the perspective of intelligence research,the research design is carried out on the basis of analyzing the representation and meaning of the fund project metadata,Furthermore,taking the National Science Foundation(NSF)data in AI field from 2008 to 2018 as example,we characterize and analyze the distribution characteristics and development trend of fund projects from the perspective of funding amount,directorate,Principal Investigator,institution,and program element code(PEC)through some methods such as scientometrics,knowledge visualization and combining different indicators at the macro level.【Result/conclusion】The intensified orientation of policy and continuously capital investment in the United States have supported the rapidly development in AI field,and reflect a different distribution,development and investment of characteristics in the basic research,key departments,frontier technology and application of this field.【Innovation/limitation】We puts forward the research idea of vertical and horizontal intersection of whole and deep focus,and created framework for mining and analyzing fund projects in the technical field based on the combining macro level and micro level.Combining fund data with other scientific research data to carry out related intelligence analysis needs to be further studied.