民法典视域下保护地役权的构建探讨

On the Construction of Conservation Easement from the Perspective of Civil Code

保护地役权旨在克服生态环境保护中传统公法管制制度内生动力不足的缺陷,通过将土地、森林等自然资源的生态利益内化到产权主体的经济收益中,激励产权主体自觉按照有利于环境保护的方式利用资源性财产,从而有助于形成生态环境保护的长效机制。在民法典背景下,将保护地役权嵌入民法物权体系,既可应对环境时代民法绿色化的制度需求,也是民事物权社会化逻辑周延的制度回应。基于保护地役权是一项公私法混合性权利,在制度构建过程中难以将其直接归入《民法典》地役权规范中,但可将保护地役权纳入用益物权编,适用《民法典》第10章的一般规定,并发挥引致性条款作用,从而增强保护地役权的可操作性。

The conservation easement aims at overcoming the defect of insufficient endogenous motivation in the traditional public law control system of ecological environmental protection.By incorporating the ecological benefits of natural resources such as land and forests into the economic benefits of property right subjects,it encourages property right subjects to consciously use resources in a way conducive to environmental protection,thus contributing to a long-term mechanism for ecological and environmental protection.Against the background of the civil code,embedding the conservation easement into the civil law property right system can not only meet the system demand of the greening trend of civil law in the environmental era,but also be a response to the system of the socialization of real right in civil law.Based on the fact that the conservation easement is a mixed right of public and private laws,and it is difficult to directly classify it into the easement norms of the Civil Code in the system construction,the conservation easement can be included in the part of usufructuary right,that is,the general provisions of Chapter 10 of the Civil Code can be applied,and the role of induced clauses can be played,thus enhancing the feasibility of the conservation easement.