论马克思科技伦理思想中人的主体性意蕴

On the Implication of Human Subjectivity in Marx’s Ethics of Science and Technology

科技进步对于人之主体性的冲击从现代化伊始便存在,马克思对于他所处时代的科技异化问题做出了超越性的解读和设想,梳理马克思原著中关于科学技术及其与人类社会关系的相关论述,可以依据本体论、认识论、方法论的逻辑理路建构起马克思以人的主体性为主线的科技伦理思想。马克思科技伦理思想中人的主体性意蕴主要通过三部分体现出来,一是人本主义的科技观,包括历史的、革命的科学观和科学主义—人文主义统一的技术观;二是科技批判和异化理论,包括科技异化和人的异化以及消除异化的政治伦理途径;三是自然主义与人道主义相统一的建构方法。归纳总结马克思科技伦理思想中人的主体性意蕴,能为人工智能时代人的主体性危机及主体地位的复归问题提供解决之道。

The impact of scientific and technological progress on human subjectivity has existed since the beginning of modernization.Marx made a transcendent interpretation and assumption of the alienation of science and technology in his era.Combing Marx’s original works about science and technology and its relationship with human society,we can construct Marx’s science and technology ethics with human subjectivity as the main line according to the logic of ontology,epistemology and methodology.The human subjectivity in Marx’s ethics of science and technology is mainly embodied in three parts:first,the humanistic view of science and technology,including the historical and revolutionary view of science and technology and the unified view of technology of scientism humanism;second,the theory of science and technology criticism and alienation,including the alienation of science and technology and human alienation,as well as the political and ethical ways to eliminate alienation;the third is the construction method of the unity of naturalism and humanitarianism.Summarizing the meaning of human subjectivity in Marx’s ethics of science and technology can provide a solution to the crisis of human subjectivity and the return of human subjectivity in the era of artificial intelligence.