恩格斯对马克思历史唯物主义人性观变革的贡献

Engels’ Contribution to the Transformation of Marx’s View of Human Nature in Historical Materialism

历史唯物主义人性观变革为马克思主义哲学的进一步发展开辟了广阔的道路。而恩格斯在历史唯物主义的人性观变革中发挥着重要的作用。从现实性维度看,马克思在与恩格斯交流的基础上,与传统哲学划清了界限,实现了从"物"到"人"的转变,确立了对现实的人的理解,为历史唯物主义人性观的变革提供了思想前提;从实践性维度看,马克思在对传统哲学批判的过程中,深受恩格斯关于政治经济学理论阐释的影响,进而提出应以符合"人"的方式来把握人,确立了历史唯物主义人性观变革的思维方式;从历史性维度看,恩格斯关于物质利益、资本主义经济制度及对社会现实的分析,促使马克思开始以直接生活的物质生产的现实生产过程为基础,思考人与历史的关系问题,从而揭示了"历史之谜",实现了历史唯物主义人性观变革的现实转向。

The transformation of human nature view of historical materialism has opened up a broad road for the further development of Marxist philosophy.And Engels plays an important role in the transformation of historical materialism’s view of human nature.From the perspective of reality,in the process of communicating with the traditional philosophy and Engels,Marx realized the transformation from"thing"to"man",established the understanding of the real man,and provided the ideological premise for the transformation of the historical materialist view of human nature.From the practical dimension,in the process of criticizing the traditional philosophy,Marx was deeply influenced by Engels’interpretation of the theory of political economy,and then put forward that we should grasp human in the way that conforms to"human",and established the thinking mode of the transformation of historical materialism human nature view.Looked from the historical dimension,Engels about material benefits,the capitalist economic system and the analysis of social reality,prompting Marx began to direct the material production of life reality,on the basis of the production process of thinking about the relationship between man and history,so as to reveal the"mystery of history",has realized the historical materialism,human nature to change reality.