青年志愿行为动机之价值理性和工具理性协同策略研究——基于“斯密悖论”的阐释

Research on the Value Rationality and Instrumental Rationality Coordination Strategy of Youth Voluntary Behavior Motivation——Based on the Interpretation of "Smith Paradox"

市场经济条件下,青年志愿服务需要同时满足服务社会的功能和自我发展的需要,由此形成志愿服务利己、利他矛盾即价值理性和工具理性之间的矛盾。斯密悖论指出人性的利己利他动机有多重性、复杂性和可塑性。本文通过构建志愿行为动机的动态演化模型,提出在志愿服务的设计和实践中,无须排斥具有偏利己动机的行为主体,而应当通过分析青年志愿者的动机,设计相应的志愿情境,通过潜在利他动机的强化机制和利他动机的持续发展机制两种志愿情境,实现志愿动机价值理性和工具理性的内在统一和志愿行为的可持续性。

Under the condition of market economy,youth voluntary service needs to meet the needs of social governance function and the development of young volunteers,thus forming the contradiction between self-interest and altruism of voluntary service,that is,the contradiction between value rationality and instrumental rationality.Based on the explanation of"Smith Paradox"which points out the complexity and plasticity of human’s motivation,this paper constructs a evolutionary and constraint model of voluntary motivation and proposes that in the design and practice of voluntary service,it is not necessary to exclude the young volunteers with egoistic motivation,but should analyze the motivation of young volunteers and design the corresponding voluntary situations to realize the internal unity of value rationality and instrumental rationality and the sustainability of voluntary behavior through the strengthening mechanism of potential altruistic motivation and the sustainable development mechanism of altruistic motivation.