“从不正义中获益”所隐含的道德义务——反思博格与安万德尔的争论

The Moral Duties Which Implied In “Benefiting From Injustice”——Rethink Anwander and Pogge’s Debates

"从不正义中获益"是否正当的问题在学术界存在不少争议。博格和安万德尔都认为,那些积极的"从不正义中获益"的行为,给他者造成了利益上的损失,因而是不正当的。但获益行为的正当与否不是依据行为的积极或消极特征,也不是依据获益行为是否给他者带来利益损失,而是依据行为本身是否遵守正义规则。安万德尔认为不当获益的错误与"导致不正义"相同,而博格认为不当获益违背的是特别的、另外的消极义务。两人的分歧主要是基于对"导致不正义"和"正义"两个概念的不同理解。与不同性质的获益行为相关联的是不同的道德义务。

There are many debates in the academic circle about the question of whether"benefiting from injustice"is right.Pogge and Anwander both hold that,those behaviors of active"benefiting from injustice"bring loss to other one’s benefit,are therefore not right.But whether the benefiting behaviors are right or not are not judged by the behaviors’character of active/inactive,and not judged by whether these behaviors bring loss to other one’s benefit,but judged by whether these behaviors comply with just rules.Anwander believes that the wrongness of the not-right benefit is the same with"contributing to injustice",yet Pogge thinks that the not-right benefit violates special and additional negative duty.The divergence is based on the different understanding of"contributing to injustice"and"justice".Different kinds of benefiting behaviors relate to different kinds of moral duties.