环渤海地区生态效率的变化轨迹、影响因素与提升路径研究

Study on the Change Track, Influencing Factors and Promotion Path of Ecological Efficiency in Bohai Rim Region

选取符合生态效率内涵的投入产出指标,使用超效率DEA模型构建生态效率评价指数,对2008-2017年间环渤海地区生态效率进行实证测算和评价,在此基础上采用空间面板计量模型探讨生态效率的空间溢出效应并进一步识别出环渤海地区生态效率的各影响因素及其作用方式。研究结果显示:(1)环渤海地区整体生态效率变化轨迹呈现出先下降后提升的"V"字形特征。(2)环渤海地区整体生态效率高于全国平均水平,但低于长三角地区和珠三角地区平均水平。北京和天津的生态效率水平较高,河北、山东、山西、内蒙古、辽宁的生态效率有待提高。(3)环渤海地区生态效率具有明显的正向空间外溢效应,产业结构高级化水平、研发经费投入强度、外资开放度、命令控制型和市场激励型环境规制均对生态效率产生显著正向作用,以煤为主的能源消费结构和外贸开放度不利于生态效率提高,产业结构合理化水平和研发人员投入强度未产生显著影响。基于实证研究结果,为环渤海地区生态效率提升进行路径设计。

Based on the input-output index that accords with the connotation of ecological efficiency,the super-efficiency DEA model is used to construct the ecological efficiency evaluation index,and the ecological efficiency in the Bohai Rim region from 2008 to 2017 is empirically measured and evaluated.On this basis,the spatial panel econometric model is used to explore the spatial spillover effect of ecological efficiency and further identify the various influencing factors and their action modes of ecological efficiency in the Bohai Rim region.The results show that:(1)The overall ecological efficiency change track in the Bohai Rim region shows a"V"shape characteristic that decreases first and then increases.(2)The overall ecological efficiency in the Bohai Sea region is higher than the national average,but lower than the average in the Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region.The level of ecological efficiency in Beijing and Tianjin is relatively high.The ecological efficiency in Hebei,Shandong,Shanxi,Inner Mongolia and Liaoning needs to be improved.(3)The eco-efficiency in the Bohai Rim region has obvious positive spatial spillover effects.The level of industrial structure upgrading,the intensity of research and development funding,the openness of foreign capital,command control and market incentive environmental regulations all have significant positive effects on the eco-efficiency.The energy consumption structure dominated by coal and the openness of foreign trade are not conducive to the improvement of eco-efficiency.The rationalization level of industrial structure and the intensity of research and development personnel have no significant impact.Based on the results of empirical research,the path design is carried out for the improvement of ecological efficiency in the Bohai Rim region.