地理标志保护的法理基础及相关问题研究

Research on the Legal Basis of Geographical Indication Protection and Related Issues

地理标志保护起源于竞争法,其法理基础是防止假冒和混淆的竞争法益。但同时,地理标志保护所涉及的法益并不限于防止假冒和混淆,而是包括基于特定产品、特定质量、特定声誉、特定地理环境形成的特殊法益。地理标志保护本质上仍然属于民法上的私权范畴。地理标志既涉及普遍性的私权问题,也涉及公权力行使的问题,乃是处于竞争法和知识产权法的交界地带、带有私权外壳的集体性权利,在知识产权领域具有极强的特殊性。基于此,认定并保护地理标志应基于地理标志产品的真实性、特异性、地域性和关联性。

GI protection originates from Competition Law,with legal principles based on preventing counterfeiting and confusion.Instead of being confined to the above,it mainly covers legal interests resulting from distinctive product,quality,prestige,as well as specific geographical conditions.GI protection belongs to the private right category of Civil Law in nature,but it concerns both private and public right execution,and is a collective right crossing Competition Law and Intellectual Property Law,having a private right property in form.Therefore,GI protection is distinctive in intellectual property field,and this is also why GI approval and protection shall be based on four pillars of existence,particularity,territoriality,and association with GI products.