法律漏洞补充规则及其拟制

Legal Loophole Closing Rules and the Formulation of the Rules

法律漏洞补充方法选择的确定性影响着裁判结论的正当性,而方法的多样性造成了选择的困难。漏洞补充方法选择困境的摆脱,有赖于指引法官思维的方法选择规则。根据不同类型法律漏洞的特征,探索法律漏洞类型与漏洞补充方法之间的关联关系并拟制“对应规则”,可以解决两者之间的横向对应难题。通过对立法者意图和立法计划的考察,将漏洞补充方法依照距离制定法的远近进行位序排列并拟制“近距规则”,可以解决多个漏洞补充方法存在竞争时的纵向优先问题。在规则指引下漏洞补充方法的选择具有相对确定性,但不意味着裁判结论自然获得正当性,还需要对效果进行预先评估以确定方法选择是否正确。

The certainty of the selection of methods for closing the legal loopholes affects the legitimacy of the judgment,while the diversity of the methods causes the difficulties in selecting the methods to get out of trouble,the selection of the methods for closing the loopholes depends on the selection rules that guide the thinking of judges.According to the characteristics of different types of legal loopholes,exploring the correlation between legal loophole types and methods for closing the legal loopholes and formulating the“correspondence rules”can solve the horizontal correspondence problems between the two.By examining the intention of legislators and legislative plans,ranking the methods for closing the loopholes in accordance with the distance from the statute law and formulating the“proximity rules”,we can determine priorities when we compare multiple methods for closing the loopholes.The selection of methods for closing the loopholes is relatively definite under the guidance of the rules,but it does not mean that the judgment is just,and the effect also needs to be evaluated in advance to determine whether the selection of methods is correct.